Genetics and Dominance Flashcard

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What is Codominance?

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A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: A monster with teal fur and a monster with purple fur having a baby with teal and purple spots.

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What is Incomplete Dominance?

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A genetic scenario where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes. Example: Long-haired rabbits and short-haired rabbits producing medium-haired offspring.

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What is Basic Dominance?

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A genetic scenario where one allele is dominant over another, resulting in the dominant trait being expressed in the phenotype. Example: A trait that is not expressed when a dominant allele is present.

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What is a phenotype?

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The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a genotype?

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The genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present at a given locus.

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What is an allele?

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A variant form of a gene that can produce different traits. For example, the gene for flower color may have a red allele and a white allele.

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What is a heterozygote?

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An organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene, such as one dominant and one recessive allele.

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What is a homozygote?

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An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene, either both dominant or both recessive.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A diagram used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment, showing the possible genotypes of offspring.

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What is the principle of segregation?

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The principle stating that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.