LEAP Vocabulary Review

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Counterclaim

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The opposite of the claim; the opposing claim; the conflicting viewpoint. Example: In discussions about teen decision-making, a counterclaim might argue that teens can make rational choices when motivated by rewards.

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Logos

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When an author or speaker uses logical reasoning (facts, data, statistics, rhetorical questions, etc.) to persuade the audience. Example: In 'Hope, Despair, and Memory', Wiesel uses rhetorical questions to engage the audience's understanding.

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Identifying the author's tone

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The skill of recognizing the author's attitude and how their word choice (diction) creates that tone. Example: Analyzing phrases in a passage to determine the emotional quality conveyed.

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Foreshadowing

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In fiction texts, a hint or clue about what is to come later in the story. Example: A character's ominous statement that suggests future trouble.

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Allusion

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A reference to something famous or well-known (a book, person, historical event, etc.). Example: Martin Luther King Jr. alludes to the Bible in his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

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Claim

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A statement or assertion that something is true, typically one that is disputed or in doubt. Example: A claim might state that social media negatively impacts mental health.

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Ethos

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An appeal to credibility or character, used to persuade the audience based on the author's trustworthiness. Example: A doctor discussing health issues uses their medical background to establish ethos.

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Pathos

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An appeal to emotion, used to persuade the audience by eliciting feelings. Example: A charity ad showing suffering animals to evoke sympathy.

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Mood

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The atmosphere or emotional condition created by a piece of writing, influencing how the reader feels. Example: A dark, gloomy setting can create a mood of suspense.

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Imagery

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Descriptive language that appeals to the senses and creates vivid mental pictures. Example: 'The golden sun dipped below the horizon, painting the sky in hues of orange and pink.'