Phineas Gage

Front

What happened to Phineas Gage in 1848?

Back

Phineas Gage survived a severe brain injury when a 3-foot iron rod accidentally pierced his skull, damaging his frontal lobes.

Front

What abilities did Phineas Gage retain immediately after his accident?

Back

He could speak, write, and climb stairs.

Front

Who was Dr. Harlow?

Back

Dr. John Martyn Harlow was the physician who treated Phineas Gage and documented his recovery.

Front

What area of the brain did Carl Wernicke discover?

Back

An area in the brain that controls the ability to understand speech.

Front

What are Localizers and Wholebrainers?

Back

Localizers believe specific brain areas control specific functions, while Wholebrainers believe the brain works as a whole.

Front

What did Dr. Harlow conclude about Phineas's recovery?

Back

Dr. Harlow declared that Phineas fully recovered because he could walk, count, dress himself, and speak mostly like a normal person.

Front

How did Phineas Gage's personality change after his accident?

Back

His personality changed significantly; he became impulsive, irresponsible, and had difficulty with social interactions.

Front

What does the term 'frontal lobe' refer to?

Back

The frontal lobe is the part of the brain located at the front, responsible for reasoning, planning, and personality.

Front

What is the significance of Phineas Gage's case in psychology?

Back

His case provided early evidence of the relationship between brain function and personality.

Front

What did Dr. Harlow compare Phineas Gage to after his accident?

Back

Dr. Harlow compared Phineas to a child, indicating a regression in his social and emotional maturity.