RC 02 (7B, 7C) Protein Synthesis/Mutation

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in protein structure and function.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence, which can disrupt the reading frame.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence, potentially leading to a frameshift.