Unit 8 Flashcardizz: Genetics

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Organism with 2 different alleles for a trait

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Heterozygous: An organism that has two different alleles for a specific gene, such as Rr.

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Syndrome caused by a defective or altered gene of the X or Y chromosomes

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Sex-linked disorders: Genetic disorders that are associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes, often affecting males more than females.

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Different forms of the same gene (R for round, r for wrinkled)

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Alleles: Variants of a gene that determine specific traits, such as flower color or seed shape.

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Co-expression of a gene in the heterozygote (when dominant and recessive alleles are present)

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Codominance: A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

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Organism with identical alleles for a trait

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Homozygous: An organism that has two identical alleles for a specific gene, such as RR or rr.

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The observable characteristics of an organism

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Phenotype: The physical expression of a genotype, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

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The genetic makeup of an organism

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Genotype: The set of genes that an organism carries, which determines its traits.

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The allele that masks the effect of another allele

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Dominant: An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

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The allele that is masked by a dominant allele

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Recessive: An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (homozygous).

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The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

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Locus: The specific position of a gene on a chromosome.