Bio8: Flashcards Protein Synthesis

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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The molecule that stores genetic information in all living organisms.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein.

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Protein Synthesis

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The process by which cells build proteins based on the instructions in DNA.

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

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A molecule similar to DNA that helps make proteins.

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mRNA (Messenger RNA)

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Carries the genetic message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.

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tRNA (Transfer RNA)

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Brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

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Combines with proteins to make up the ribosome.

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Transcription

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The first step of protein synthesis; the process of copying a gene from DNA into mRNA.

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Translation

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The second step of protein synthesis; the process where the ribosome reads the mRNA and builds the protein.

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Ribosome

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The cell structure where proteins are made; found in the cytoplasm.