Name the Inference Procedure

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What is a confidence interval?

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A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from a data set, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter. It is used to estimate the uncertainty around a sample statistic.

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What is the purpose of a Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test?

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The Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test is used to determine if a sample distribution matches an expected distribution. It assesses whether the observed frequencies of a categorical variable differ from the expected frequencies.

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What is a two-sample t-test?

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A two-sample t-test is a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups.

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What is the difference between a one-sample t-test and a two-sample t-test?

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A one-sample t-test compares the mean of a single sample to a known value, while a two-sample t-test compares the means of two independent samples.

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What does the term 'p-value' represent in hypothesis testing?

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The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A low p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

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What is the significance of a 99% confidence interval?

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A 99% confidence interval means that if we were to take 100 different samples and compute a confidence interval for each sample, approximately 99 of the intervals would contain the true population mean.

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What is a paired t-test used for?

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A paired t-test is used to compare the means of two related groups. It is often used when the same subjects are measured twice, such as before and after a treatment.

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What is the Chi-Square Test for Independence?

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The Chi-Square Test for Independence assesses whether two categorical variables are independent of each other. It compares the observed frequencies in each category to the frequencies expected if the variables were independent.

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What is the formula for calculating a confidence interval for a mean?

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The formula for a confidence interval for a mean is: CI = x̄ ± (z* * (σ/√n)), where x̄ is the sample mean, z* is the z-value for the desired confidence level, σ is the standard deviation, and n is the sample size.

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What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

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The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption that is tested against an alternative hypothesis.