AP Biology Heredity Practice Flashcard

Front

What are homologous chromosomes?

Back

Chromosomes that are genetically identical, carrying the same genes, but may have different alleles.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

A failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

What is the expected phenotype ratio in the F1 generation when crossing true-breeding yellow and green pea plants?

Back

100 percent yellow seeds, since yellow is dominant over green.

Front

What are gametes?

Back

Haploid cells that are involved in sexual reproduction, containing half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells.

Front

What is the significance of sexual reproduction in evolution?

Back

It provides a method to increase genetic variation, which is essential for adaptation and evolution.

Front

Define allele.

Back

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Front

What is incomplete dominance?

Back

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a new phenotype.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the alleles they possess.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Front

What is the principle of segregation?

Back

The principle stating that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.