Front

APIPA

Back

Automatic Private IP Addressing – Assigned to Windows devices when DHCP fails, using the range 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255. Purpose: Allows basic local network communication when no DHCP server is available.

Front

ARP

Back

Address Resolution Protocol – Discovers devices on a local network and maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. Purpose: Helps computers find the hardware address of devices on the same network.

Front

BGP

Back

Border Gateway Protocol – Exterior Gateway Protocol used to exchange routing info between large networks like ISPs. Purpose: Helps route internet traffic between service providers and large networks.

Front

DHCP

Back

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – Automatically assigns IP addresses, DNS, and subnet mask; uses Ports 67 and 68. Purpose: Makes connecting to networks easy by assigning IP info without manual setup.

Front

DNS

Back

Domain Name System – Translates domain names into IP addresses; uses Port 53. Purpose: Lets you use easy names like google.com instead of IP addresses.

Front

EIGRP

Back

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol – Cisco’s proprietary distance-vector routing protocol. Purpose: Helps routers share info and quickly find the best route within a company network.

Front

FTP

Back

File Transfer Protocol – Used for transferring files; uses Ports 20 and 21. Purpose: Lets you upload and download files between computers over the internet.

Front

HTTP

Back

Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Basic protocol for browsing websites; uses Port 80. Purpose: Delivers website content to your browser.

Front

HTTPS

Back

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (uses SSL/TLS) – Secure version of HTTP; uses Port 443. Purpose: Keeps data private and secure when visiting websites.

Front

ICMP

Back

Internet Control Message Protocol – Used for sending error messages and testing network connectivity (like ping). Purpose: Helps diagnose and report network problems.