Respiratory Review 2025

Front

What is the formula to calculate Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

Back

ERV = Vital Capacity (VC) - Tidal Volume (TV) - Inspiratory Capacity (IC) - Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Front

Define Vital Capacity (VC).

Back

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation, typically measured in liters.

Front

What is Tidal Volume (TV)?

Back

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, usually around 0.5 L.

Front

What does Inspiratory Capacity (IC) represent?

Back

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration, calculated as TV + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).

Front

Define Functional Residual Capacity (FRC).

Back

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration, calculated as ERV + RV.

Front

What is the significance of pleural pressure during respiration?

Back

Pleural pressure helps keep the lungs inflated and is most negative at the end of maximal inspiration.

Front

What triggers Hypoventilation?

Back

Low arterial PCO2 levels trigger hypoventilation, leading to decreased breathing rate.

Front

What is Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?

Back

A condition in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant, leading to collapse of small alveoli.

Front

What is the role of the main respiratory control neurons?

Back

They send regular bursts of impulses to inspiratory muscles during quiet respiration.

Front

At what point is pleural pressure most negative?

Back

Pleural pressure is most negative at the end of maximal inspiration.