Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

In the nucleus.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein synthesis.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

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A mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.