Chapter 11: The Western Christian World

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Merovingian

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A Frankish dynasty that ruled much of present-day France and Germany.

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Clovis

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The first king of the Franks to unite the Frankish tribes and convert to Christianity.

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Charles Martel

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A Frankish leader who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours, halting their advance into Europe.

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Pepin the Short

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The father of Charlemagne, who became king of the Franks with the support of the Pope.

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Charlemagne

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King of the Franks who united much of Western Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

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Homage

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A formal public acknowledgment of feudal allegiance.

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Vikings

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Scandinavian seafarers who raided and traded throughout Europe.

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Magyars

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Nomadic people from Central Asia who raided and settled in Hungary.

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Viking Sagas

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Written accounts of Viking history and legends.

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Papal States

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Territories in Italy under the control of the Pope.