7th Grade Genetics and Heredity 1

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Genetics

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The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

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Heredity

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The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

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Genes

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Units of heredity which are transferred from a parent to offspring and are held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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Traits

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A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

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Alleles

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One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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Dominant

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An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism's phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.

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Recessive

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An allele or a gene that is masked by a dominant allele or gene and is not expressed in the phenotype unless two copies are present.

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Genotype

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The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

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Phenotype

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The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.