Biology Chapter 12 Vocab

Front

transformation

Back

process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Front

bacteriophage

Back

virus that infects bacteria

Front

nucleotide

Back

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Front

base pairing

Back

principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Front

chromatin

Back

granular material visible within the nucleus

Front

histone

Back

chemical released by activated mast cells that increases the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding area

Front

replication

Back

copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

Front

DNA polymerase

Back

enzyme that proofreads new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA

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gene

Back

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Front

mRNA

Back

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell