Honors Protein Synthesis & Mutations Flashcard Review 24

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

Front

What is the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Back

The flow of genetic information is DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the codon chart?

Back

The codon chart is used to determine which amino acid corresponds to a specific mRNA codon.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.