DNA & Protein Synthesis S21

Front

What is the function of DNA?

Back

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

Nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What sugar is found in RNA?

Back

Ribose.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 different amino acids.