Biology Basics: Microorganisms and Cells

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Microorganisms

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Tiny living things that can only be seen with a microscope. Example: Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are microorganisms.

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Microscope

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A tool that magnifies very small objects, making them visible to the human eye. Example: We use a microscope to see cells.

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Magnification

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The process of enlarging the apparent size of an object. Example: The microscope has a magnification of 100x.

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Total Magnification

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The overall magnification achieved by combining the magnification of the objective lens and the eyepiece lens of a microscope. Example: If the eyepiece is 10x and the objective lens is 40x, the total magnification is 400x.

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Focus

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To adjust a lens or instrument to make an image clear and sharp. Example: I need to adjust the focus to see the specimen clearly.

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Fine Focus

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A knob on a microscope used for small adjustments to focus, especially at high magnification. Example: Use the fine focus knob to sharpen the image.

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Slide

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A thin, flat piece of glass used to hold a specimen for examination under a microscope. Example: The specimen is placed on the slide.

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Specimen

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A sample of something, like a cell or tissue, that is examined under a microscope. Example: The scientist prepared the specimen for viewing.

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Harmful

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Causing or capable of causing damage or injury. Example: Some bacteria are harmful and can cause infections.

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Beneficial

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Producing good results or helpful effects. Example: Some bacteria are beneficial and help with digestion.