Biology Flashcards

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cell

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The basic unit of structure and function in living things. The building blocks of life.

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cell membrane

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A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.

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cell wall

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A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

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cytoplasm

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The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane.

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chloroplast

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An organelle in the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food.

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mitochondria

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Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. Often called the “powerhouses” of a cell.

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nucleus

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In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities. It’s a cell’s control center.

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organelles

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Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within a cell.

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ribosome

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A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.

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tissue

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A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.