Understanding Atoms and Compounds

Front

In which state of matter are particles tightly packed and only vibrate in place?

Back

Solid

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Solid' because in solids, particles are tightly packed together and can only vibrate in place, unlike liquids and gases where particles are more spread out and move freely.

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Front

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?

Back

Atom

Answer explanation

The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties is an atom. Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, but only atoms represent the fundamental building blocks of elements.

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Front

During a science experiment, Olivia tasted a lemon and noticed a distinct flavor. Which of the following is a property of acids that she likely observed?

Back

Sour taste

Answer explanation

Acids are known for their sour taste, which is a key characteristic. Unlike bases, which are bitter and slippery, acids typically have a distinct sour flavor.

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Front

Identify the pure substance: Air, Salt (NaCl), Seawater, Soil.

Back

Salt (NaCl)

Answer explanation

A pure substance consists of only one type of particle. Salt (NaCl) is a compound made of sodium and chloride ions, making it a pure substance. In contrast, air, seawater, and soil are mixtures containing multiple components.

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Front

Which model best explains the motion of particles in a gas?

Back

Particles move freely and are far apart

Answer explanation

The correct choice, 'Particles move freely and are far apart', accurately describes gas behavior. In gases, particles are not fixed, can move independently, and are spaced widely apart, allowing them to fill their container.

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Front

How can Daniel and Aria distinguish between an element and a compound?

Back

Elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more types of atoms chemically combined.

Answer explanation

Elements consist of only one type of atom, while compounds are formed from two or more different types of atoms that are chemically combined. This distinction is key in understanding the nature of substances.

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Front

Which of the following is an example of a base? Vinegar, Lemon juice, Baking soda solution, Table salt

Back

Baking soda solution

Answer explanation

Baking soda solution is a base because it contains sodium bicarbonate, which can accept protons. In contrast, vinegar and lemon juice are acidic, while table salt is neutral.

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Front

Ava and Ethan mix sand and iron filings together in a beaker. What type of matter is this mixture?

Back

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer explanation

The mixture of sand and iron filings is a heterogeneous mixture because the components remain distinct and can be physically separated. Unlike a compound or solution, the individual substances retain their properties.

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Front

Mia is observing the behavior of fish in a tank. Which of the following best represents the motion of the fish?

Back

Fish slide past each other but remain close together

Answer explanation

In a liquid, particles are not fixed; they can slide past each other while remaining close together, allowing for fluidity. This distinguishes liquids from solids, where particles are locked in place, and gases, where particles are far apart.

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Front

Which statement is true about the number of elements?

Back

There are a finite number of elements

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that there are a finite number of elements. Currently, 118 elements are known, and while new compounds can be formed, elements themselves cannot be created by mixing compounds.

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