Key Concepts from Foundational U.S. Documents

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Federalist #78

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The independence of the judiciary is a vital component of constitutional government and checks the power of the other two branches and the states. Life tenure frees judges from political pressure.

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Brutus #1

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A small republic is better to preserve personal liberties. A large republic leads to tyranny.

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Federalist #51

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The roles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism help to prevent tyranny and preserve democracy. The legislative branch is the strongest but can be weakened by dividing Congress, electing them differently and giving the executive the veto.

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Constitution

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Creates a relationship between the National government and state governments called federalism. Outlines the structure of the government with 3 branches.

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Federalist #70

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A strong executive is needed; energy in the executive is essential. Advocates for a single executive instead of any greater number.

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Letter from Birmingham Jail

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Nonviolent direct action is the first step in the process that leads to policy change that advances civil rights and supported by the equal protection clause. Direct action by a social movement is the product of meticulous planning and strategy and supported by the equal protection clause.

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Articles of Confederation

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Each state had 1 vote and amendments require unanimous approval. Established a weak central government, little powers given to Congress; no Executive or Judicial Branch.

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Declaration of Independence

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All men are created equal, with certain unalienable rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Written to provide a foundation for popular sovereignty and includes ideas like the social contract theory, limited government, consent of governed.

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Federalist #10

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A large republic more likely to control the effects of a faction than a small republic. Causes of factions cannot be removed, relief only to be sought as a means of controlling its effects.