Plant Biology Terms

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Vascular

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Plant tissue (xylem and phloem) that conducts water, sap, and nutrients in flowering plants & ferns

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Non-vascular

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Plants that do not have a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. They generally do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.

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Xylem

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The vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.

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Phloem

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The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

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Stomata

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Tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange. They are typically found on the underside of plant leaves.

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Guard Cells

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Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.

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Cuticle

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A protective and waxy or hard layer covering the epidermis of a plant, invertebrate, or shell.

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Epidermis

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The outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular.

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Veins

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The vascular structure in the leaves of a plant, typically consisting of xylem and phloem.

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Stem

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The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.