AP Stats CED Unit 1 MC Review

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What is a normal distribution?

Back

A normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution characterized by a symmetric bell-shaped curve, where the mean, median, and mode are all equal. It is defined by its mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ).

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution of the population, provided the sample size is sufficiently large (usually n > 30).

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How do you find the mean of a normal distribution?

Back

The mean (μ) of a normal distribution is the central value around which the data is distributed. It can be calculated by summing all data points and dividing by the number of points.

Front

What is standard deviation?

Back

Standard deviation (σ) is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

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What does the 99th percentile represent in a normal distribution?

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The 99th percentile represents the value below which 99% of the data falls. In a normal distribution, this indicates that a data point is higher than 99% of the other data points.

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How do you calculate the z-score?

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The z-score is calculated using the formula: z = (X - μ) / σ, where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations a value is from the mean.

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What is the empirical rule?

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The empirical rule states that for a normal distribution: approximately 68% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.7% falls within three standard deviations.

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What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

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The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1). It represents the range of the middle 50% of the data.

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What does it mean if a distribution is skewed to the right?

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A distribution is skewed to the right (positively skewed) if it has a longer tail on the right side. This means that the majority of the data points are concentrated on the left, with fewer high values pulling the mean to the right.

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What is a boxplot?

Back

A boxplot is a graphical representation of a dataset that displays the median, quartiles, and potential outliers. It provides a visual summary of the distribution, central tendency, and variability of the data.