Existentialism, Sartre, and No Exit

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What is Existentialism?

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A philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice, asserting that individuals create their own meaning in life.

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Who is Jean-Paul Sartre?

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A French philosopher and playwright, a leading figure in existentialism, known for his works on freedom, responsibility, and the nature of existence.

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What does 'existence precedes essence' mean?

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A fundamental tenet of existentialism stating that individuals are not defined by predetermined nature or essence, but rather by their actions and choices.

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What is the concept of 'the Other' in Sartre's philosophy?

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The idea that other people influence our self-perception and identity, often leading to feelings of anxiety and self-consciousness.

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What is the significance of 'gaze' in Sartre's work?

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The 'gaze' refers to how individuals perceive themselves through the eyes of others, impacting their self-identity and behavior.

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What is the role of anxiety in existentialism?

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Anxiety is seen as a natural response to the realization of one's freedom and the weight of personal responsibility.

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What does Sartre mean by 'bad faith'?

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A form of self-deception where individuals deny their freedom and responsibility by conforming to societal expectations.

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How does Sartre's play 'No Exit' illustrate existentialist themes?

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The play depicts characters trapped in a room, symbolizing the idea that hell is other people and highlighting the impact of others on self-perception.

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What is Inez's relationship with Estelle in 'No Exit'?

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Inez is attracted to Estelle, which complicates their interactions and reflects themes of desire and judgment.

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What does Garcin's attitude towards judgment reveal about his character?

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Garcin feels constantly judged by others, illustrating his struggle with self-identity and the influence of external perceptions.