Genetics/DNA EOC Questions

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What is genetic variation?

Back

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population, which can lead to different traits and characteristics.

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What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

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Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a specific gene, while heterozygous means having two different alleles for that gene.

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What is the purpose of DNA replication?

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The purpose of DNA replication is to ensure that each new cell receives an identical copy of the DNA during cell division.

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How does DNA code for proteins?

Back

DNA codes for proteins by determining the sequence of amino acids in a protein through the arrangement of nitrogen bases, which is transcribed into mRNA.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is incomplete dominance?

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Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of the two.

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How can environmental factors influence gene expression?

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Environmental factors, such as pH or temperature, can affect how genes are expressed, leading to variations in traits.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.