Periodic Trends - AP Chemistry

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state.

Front

List the periodic trend for ionization energy across a period.

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

List the periodic trend for ionization energy down a group.

Back

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group due to increased distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

What are valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

Front

How many valence electrons do alkaline earth metals have?

Back

Alkaline earth metals have 2 valence electrons.

Front

What is the electron configuration of Titanium (Ti)?

Back

The electron configuration of Titanium is [Ar] 3d² 4s².

Front

What is the significance of the d orbital in transition metals?

Back

The d orbital can hold up to 10 electrons and is involved in bonding and the formation of complex ions.

Front

How does the ionization energy of magnesium compare to sodium?

Back

The ionization energy of magnesium is lower than that of sodium.

Front

What is the second ionization energy?

Back

The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove a second electron from a singly charged ion.

Front

Which element has the largest second ionization energy among Na, Mg, Cl, S, Ca?

Back

Sodium (Na) has the largest second ionization energy.