SM AP Biology Genetics Review

Front

What does a 3:1 ratio in offspring suggest about the parents' genotypes?

Back

The parents were both heterozygous.

Front

Which gene pairs show the highest frequency of crossing over?

Back

B-C

Front

What are the possible blood types of children from a type O mother and a type AB father?

Back

A and B

Front

In pea plants, what are the dominant and recessive traits for height and seed color?

Back

Tall (T) is dominant, short (t) is recessive; yellow (Y) is dominant, green (y) is recessive.

Front

What are the genotypes of the parents if a cross results in 292 tall yellow and 103 short green plants?

Back

TtYy x TtYy

Front

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Back

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets.

Front

Define homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.

Back

Homozygous: two identical alleles; Heterozygous: two different alleles.

Front

What is the principle of independent assortment?

Back

Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses.

Front

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

Back

It increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.