chem bonding

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chemical bond?

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A chemical bond is an elctrostatic force of attraction that holds two or more atoms, ions or molecules or any combination of these toghether and electrostatic forces ofattractin typically involve oppositely charged particles

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How are ionic bonds formed?

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Ionic bonds are formed in ionic compounds when metal atoms lose electrions to from cations and non metal atoms gain electrons to form anions so as to ahceive a stable noble gas configuration

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Define ionic bonds

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Ionic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a giant ionic lattice structure

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structure of ionic compounds?

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Ionic compiunds have

a giant ionic lattice structure where oppositely charged ions are arranged in a regular three dimensional structure. When the ions come together, they arrange themselves in a continuos three dimensional lattice of alternating cations and anions all held together by strong ionic bonds. this maximises the attractive forces between oppostiely charged ions and minimises the repulsion between similarly charged ions,

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strength of ionic bonds and factors that determine it ?

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Ionic bonds are gernally strong and require large amounts of energy to break/ overcome such bbonds.

strength relies on the charges of the ions ( higher charge, stronger bond) and the ionic radius, (smaller ionic radius, stronger bond)

IONIC RADIUS INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP AND DECREASES ACROSS THE PERIOD

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What are the phsycial properties of ionic compounds?

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1. 1: high melting point and boiling point. Ionic compounds have high mp and bp because a large amount of energy is needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

2. 2:good confuctor of electricity in molten or aq state because there are free mobile ions to act as mobile charge carriers to conduct electricity but in solid state, ions can only vibrate about their fixed postiion hence no free mobile ions to conduct electricity

3. 3: gernerally soluble in water bu insoluble in organic solvents

4. 4: hard because the oppositely chrged ions3 are held together by strong EFOA

5. 5: brittle because when stress is applied on the lattice, the layers of ions slide causing ions of similar charges to come together and the resultant repulsions causes the ionic structure to shatter, thus brittle

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how are metallic bonds formed?

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Metallic bonds are formed when metal atoms lose valence electrons to form cations. these valence electrons are delocalised

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define metallic bonding

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Metallic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between metal cations and the sea of delocalised electrons in a giant metallic lattice structure

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structure of metals?

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metals have a giant metallic lattice structure whereby metal atoms pack closely together in a regular structure known as metallic lattice. the giant metallic lattice structures consist of metal cations in a sea of delocalised electrons held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

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strength of metallic bonds and factors affecting it

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metallic bonds are generally strong and a large amount of energy is required to break such bonds.

1. 1. no of valence electrons contributed to sea of delocalised electrons per atom ( greater no of valence electrons, stronger metallic bonds)

2. 2. metallic radius, the marger the metallic radius, the weaker the metallic bonds bevause the delocalised electrons are held less strongly by the nuclei causing the electrostatic forces of attraction between the electrons and cations to be weaker,