Middle East Lesson 1

Front

Sumerian and Akkadian

Back

Ancient languages and civilizations of Mesopotamia, known for their contributions to writing, law, and architecture.

Front

Persian Empire

Back

A major empire in ancient history, known for its significant cultural, political, and military influence across the Middle East and beyond.

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Aramaic

Back

A Semitic language that was widely spoken in the ancient Near East and served as a lingua franca during various empires.

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Arab

Back

A member of the Semitic people originally from the Arabian Peninsula, known for their rich cultural and historical contributions.

Front

Ottoman Empire

Back

A vast empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th century.

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Caliph

Back

A religious and political leader in Islam, considered a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.

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Sharia

Back

Islamic law derived from the Quran and the Hadith, governing aspects of both public and private life.

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Jihad

Back

An Islamic term referring to the spiritual struggle against sin; often misunderstood as solely meaning 'holy war.'

Front

Hijab

Back

A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women as a symbol of modesty and privacy.