IB ESS Soil

The amount of water a soil is able to hold, related to a soil material's porosity and permeability.

The process in which the materials of Earth's surface are loosened and transported away, usually by water or wind.

The wearing away of top soil, a naturally occurring process that affects all land forms.

Mostly organic material (humus).

The process by which land or semi-dry areas become more desert-like.

The measure of the void spaces in a material, indicating how much water it can hold.

The ability of soil to transmit water and air, affecting water retention and drainage.

A dark organic material in soil produced by the decomposition of plant and animal matter.

Soil provides nutrients, water, and a habitat for organisms, playing a crucial role in plant growth.

Erosion can lead to loss of topsoil, reducing soil fertility and affecting agricultural productivity.