Cladogram Analysis Worksheet

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What trait separates lampreys from tuna on a cladogram?

Back

Presence of jaws.

Front

What trait separates salamanders from turtles?

Back

Amniotic egg.

Front

What are the main groups of vertebrates?

Back

The main groups are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Front

What is the significance of the vertebral column in vertebrates?

Back

The vertebral column, or backbone, provides structural support and protects the spinal cord.

Front

What does it mean for species to be closely related on a cladogram?

Back

It means they share a more recent common ancestor compared to other species.

Front

Which organism is most distantly related to humans according to a cladogram: crayfish, grasshopper, perch, or frog?

Back

Crayfish.

Front

What is an amniotic egg?

Back

An amniotic egg is a type of egg that has a protective shell and contains amniotic fluid, allowing for development in a terrestrial environment.

Front

What characteristic do all mammals share?

Back

All mammals have hair or fur and produce milk to feed their young.

Front

What is the role of jaws in vertebrate evolution?

Back

Jaws allow for more efficient feeding and predation, leading to greater diversity in vertebrate species.