Terms Flashcard SSUSH22

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Rosa Parks

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Refused to give up her seat to a white passenger. After she was jailed, the Montgomery bus boycott was organized.

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NAACP

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional.

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Separate but Equal

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Principle upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public facilities was legal.

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De Facto Segregation

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segregation by choice

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De Jure Segregation

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segregation that is imposed by law

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Thurgood Marshall

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the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his activity in the Little Rock 9 and his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.

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Sit-ins

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protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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(1954) overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896); lead to the integration of public schools in America.

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Martin Luther King Jr.

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Was a civil rights leader and Baptist minister who wanted to end discrimination and segregation. He wanted America to live up to the "true meaning of it's creed" (U.S. Constitution). Delivered the "I have a Dream Speech" and wrote a "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," and led the "March on Washington."

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

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Churches and church leaders (ministers) link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr.