Evolution Test Review

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Vestigial organs

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Structures with little or no function to the organism that are remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors of the species.

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Genetic variations

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Variations that come from mutations and gene recombination, which are essential for evolution.

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Fitness

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An organism's ability to survive and produce viable offspring.

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Cladogram

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A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Gene flow

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The transfer of genetic material between populations, which increases genetic variety.

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Natural selection

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The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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Adaptation

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A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

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Speciation

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The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

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Homologous structures

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Anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry.

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Extinction

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The end of an organism or a group of organisms, typically due to environmental changes or loss of habitat.