BIO103 FINAL STUDY GUIDE

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat. It begins with the colonization of pioneer species.

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the process of ecological change that occurs in an area where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact, such as after a forest fire.

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What are gonads?

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Gonads are the reproductive organs that produce gametes; in males, they are the testes, and in females, they are the ovaries.

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What is the role of the uterus?

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The uterus is a female reproductive organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.

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What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

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The Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

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What is the Golgi Apparatus?

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The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

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What are trophic levels?

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Trophic levels are the hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.

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What are tertiary consumers?

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Tertiary consumers are organisms that eat secondary consumers; they are typically carnivores at the top of the food chain.

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What are producers in an ecosystem?

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Producers are organisms, such as plants and algae, that produce their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.

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What is a symbiont?

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A symbiont is an organism that lives in close association with another organism, often benefiting from the relationship.