CTEL Exam

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What is phonemic awareness?

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The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words (e.g., recognizing that "cat" has three sounds: /k/ /a/ /t/).

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What is pragmatic competence?

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The ability to use language appropriately in social contexts (e.g., understanding sarcasm, formal vs. informal speech).

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What is interlanguage?

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A learner’s transitional language system that blends features of L1 and L2 during second-language acquisition.

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What is comprehensible input (Krashen)?

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Language input slightly above a learner’s current level (i+1) that is understandable with context or scaffolding.

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What is crosslinguistic influence?

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The effect of a learner’s first language (L1) on their second language (L2), which can be positive (transfer) or negative (interference).

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What is SDAIE?

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Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English—a method to teach content to ELs using scaffolding, visuals, and modified language.

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What is the primary role of classroom assessment for ELs?

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To determine student progress toward ELD standards and inform instruction.

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What are two key components of a balanced reading program for ELs?

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Explicit phonics instruction (word analysis). Comprehension strategies (summarizing, predicting).

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What is holistic scoring?

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Evaluating writing based on overall quality (e.g., 1–5 scale) rather than specific errors.

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What is content-based ELD?

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Teaching English through academic subjects (e.g., science, math) to develop language and content knowledge simultaneously.