Science Semester 2 Review 2021

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What is a clone?

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A clone can be BEST thought of as an identical twin created in the lab.

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Why might people be against cloning?

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People might be against cloning because it's creepy, it can cause unknown defects, it is detrimental to genetic diversity, or all of the above.

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What is the physical expression of a trait?

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Phenotype.

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What are homologous structures?

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Homologous structures are body parts that share a common ancestry, such as the same bones in the front limbs of whales and birds, even though they have different functions.

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What is gene therapy?

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Gene therapy is the introduction of a functional gene into a person who lacks this gene, often used to treat recessive diseases.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the physical expression of that genetic makeup.

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What is genetic diversity?

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Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

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What are the potential risks of cloning?

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Potential risks of cloning include unknown defects, reduced genetic diversity, and ethical concerns.

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What is a GMO?

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A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

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What is the significance of homologous structures in evolution?

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Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry among different species.