AP Biology Evolution

Front

What does the similarity of early embryos of different vertebrate species suggest?

Back

More distant common ancestry.

Front

What is a structure that no longer has a use but was used in an ancestor called?

Back

Vestigial.

Front

In a diagram showing fossils in different rock layers, which fossil is likely older if Fossil D is below Fossil C?

Back

Fossil D is older than Fossil C.

Front

What type of selection occurs when individuals with alleles for an extreme type are more likely to survive and reproduce?

Back

Directional selection.

Front

What is the frequency of heterozygous individuals (carriers) for cystic fibrosis in the U.S. population, assuming Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?

Back

0.04.

Front

Define homologous structures and provide an example.

Back

Structures derived from a common ancestor, e.g., the forelimbs of humans and whales.

Front

What is the principle of natural selection?

Back

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

Explain the concept of genetic drift.

Back

A mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population.

Front

What is convergent evolution?

Back

The process where organisms from different evolutionary backgrounds develop similar traits due to similar environments.

Front

Define speciation.

Back

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.