AP Euro - Reformation and Religious Wars

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What was the Reformation?

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The Reformation was a religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestantism and significant changes in the Catholic Church.

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Who was Martin Luther?

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Martin Luther was a German monk and theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation by challenging the practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences.

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What were indulgences?

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Indulgences were payments made to the Catholic Church that were believed to reduce punishment for sins.

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What was the significance of the 95 Theses?

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The 95 Theses were a list of propositions by Martin Luther that criticized the Catholic Church's practices, sparking the Reformation.

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What was the Peace of Augsburg?

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The Peace of Augsburg was a 1555 agreement within the Holy Roman Empire that allowed rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the official confession of their state.

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What were the Religious Wars?

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The Religious Wars were a series of conflicts in Europe from the 16th to 17th centuries, primarily fought over religious differences between Catholics and Protestants.

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What was the outcome of the Thirty Years' War?

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The Thirty Years' War ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which allowed for religious tolerance and redrew the political map of Europe.

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Who was John Calvin?

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John Calvin was a French theologian and pastor who was a leading figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.

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What is Calvinism?

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Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.

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What was the Edict of Nantes?

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The Edict of Nantes was a 1598 decree issued by Henry IV of France granting substantial rights to the Huguenots, the French Protestants.