5.3 Vocab_Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorder

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A condition involving cognitive, emotional, or behavioral disturbances that significantly impact daily functioning, based on definitions by the American Psychological Association (APA).

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Dysfunction

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The inability to carry out daily tasks or responsibilities, such as work or self-care, due to psychological or behavioral issues.

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Distress

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A negative emotional state such as anxiety, sadness, or pain that causes discomfort or suffering to an individual.

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Deviation from Social Norms

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When a person’s behavior or thoughts differ significantly from what is considered acceptable or typical in their society or culture.

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Stigma

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A negative stereotype or social judgment placed on individuals with psychological disorders, often leading to discrimination or exclusion.

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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

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A situation where a person internalizes negative beliefs (e.g., about their disorder) and unconsciously acts in ways that reinforce those beliefs.

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Diagnosis

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The formal identification of a disorder by a trained professional, based on symptoms, behavior, and criteria in diagnostic manuals.

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DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

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A manual created by the APA used by U.S. mental health professionals to classify and diagnose mental disorders.

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ICD (International Classification of Diseases)

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A global diagnostic tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) that classifies all diseases, including mental and behavioral disorders.

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Eclectic Approach

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A therapeutic strategy that combines techniques and ideas from multiple psychological perspectives to treat disorders.