Acids and Bases Review

Front

What is an acid?

Back

An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) in a solution, typically has a sour taste, and turns litmus paper red.

Front

What is a base?

Back

A base is a substance that accepts protons (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution, typically has a slippery feel, and turns litmus paper blue.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is the relationship between [H+] and pH?

Back

pH = -log[H+]. A higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) results in a lower pH, indicating a more acidic solution.

Front

What is a neutralization reaction?

Back

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.

Front

What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

Back

The products are water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl), a salt.

Front

What is the most acidic solution among the following: [H+] = 2.4 x 10^-6 M, [H+] = 9.8 x 10^-4 M, [H+] = 4.2 x 10^-7 M, [H+] = 1.7 x 10^-12 M?

Back

[H+] = 9.8 x 10^-4 M is the most acidic solution.

Front

What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 6.0 x 10^-10 M?

Back

The pH is 9.22.

Front

What is a strong acid?

Back

A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water, releasing all of its hydrogen ions (H+). Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Front

What is a weak acid?

Back

A weak acid is one that partially dissociates in water, establishing an equilibrium between the undissociated acid and its ions. Examples include acetic acid (CH3COOH).