Historical reasoning skills

Identify this in your SAQs, LEQ, and DBQ to help you unpack the prompt. Causation, Comparison, and Continuity and Change Over Time

1 of the historical reasoning skills: similarities and differences WHAT is the similarity? HOW is it similar? WHAT is the difference? HOW is it different? Claims have to address BOTH things you are comparing.

1 of the historical reasoning skills: cause and effect (led to/ impact) WHAT (X) is the cause of Y? HOW did X cause Y? WHAT (X) is the effect of Y? HOW did X happen as a result of Y?

Continuity and Change over Time (CCoT)

1 of the historical reasoning skills: How much did things stay the same, how much did they shift over time? WHAT (X) stayed the same over time? HOW did X stay the same over time? WHAT (x) changed over time? HOW did X change over time?

Reasoning for continuity or change requires this.

You MUST discuss what happened/ existed BEFORE in order to prove your argument.

Categories historians use to help organize information to analyze. These categories are somewhat flexible, depending on how you discuss a specific topic. You should look for these when you are reading prompts and keep them in mind when you are trying to create groups to answer an LEQ or DBQ.

Acronym used to remember the most commonly used historical themes. It stands for Social, Political, Interaction with the environment, Cultural, Economic

Topics in this historical theme include: class division/ hierarchy, slavery, gender roles, where people live, how people live, migration, demographics (who is in the population), reform movements regarding how people live/ are treated

Topics in this historical theme include: laws, citizenship, suffrage (voting rights), SCOTUS cases, state vs. federal power, civil liberties, foreign policy/ interactions with other nations, wars, treaties, political beliefs (parties + organizations), government corruption

Interactions with the environment

Topics in this historical theme include: how climate + land impact how and where people live, use of natural resources, pollution, preservation efforts

Topics in this historical theme include: shared experiences- religion, art, architecture, literature, poetry, music, fashion, identity (regional, national, ethnic, etc.), movies, values (collective understandings of what is important)

Topics in this historical theme include: types of jobs, how people make wealth, networks of exchange, currency, trade, technology's impact on trade, who is doing the work

The different groups making up the population of a region. Migrations lead to a change in this....

A broad term for a trade route- meant to include not just the goods that travel in different directions, but also the people, ideas, and diseases.

type of government where the citizens make decisions

relating to the idea that all people should be treated equally. Can be seen in questions or prompts asking you to assess how ____ was a person/ era/ institution. Answering this requires you to weigh how much the person/ era/institution incorporated the voice of the people when making decisions.

the process of increasing the people's involvement in decision-making

the outer boundary of established colonies, states, or a country

anything relating to the countryside

creation of human-made goods from raw materials

laws and actions taken by the government regarding other political states or nations

laws and actions taken by a government regarding decisions within their border

A structured organization or established custom, often with a specific purpose, like a government, school, or the practice of marriage. Most references to this in APUSH refer to government, religious organizations, and schools.

Six important things to remember for your MCQ.

1. 55 Questions, 55 minutes (standard time) 2. Answer ALL questions. You have at least a 25% chance of getting it correct if you answer, but a 0% chance if you leave it blank. 3. Read the questions first-rephrase it to check your understanding. 4. When reading a source, look at the source info (author, title, date) to see if it gives you any clues. 5. Use your knowledge of the time period relating to the question in order to rule out incorrect answers. 6. When there are 2 minutes left, go back and fill in whatever is blank. Do NOT leave questions unanswered.

How many SAQs do you need to answer on your APUSH exam?

THREE- You MUST answer questions 1 and 2. Then you can choose to answer either question 3 or 4. Do NOT answer all 4- your grader will not score both questions and pick the highest score. Save your energy.

Six important things to remember for an SAQ

1. Each response should take 13 minutes (standard time). 2. Label prompts A), B), and C) 3. Start each response on a new line. 4. If there is a source, read the first prompt BEFORE you read the source. 5. Use the language of the prompt to write your claim. 6. Pay attention to DESCRIBE vs EXPLAIN

Why should you use the language of the prompt to write your claims for an SAQ, DBQ, and LEQ?

Doing this helps ensure you fully answer the prompt.

How many specific pieces of evidence do you need to support an SAQ?

Usually just ONE specific piece of evidence. However, include 2 if you are asked to EXPLAIN a similarity or difference.

If an SAQ asks you to do anything to an author or source's argument- explain, elaborate, support, refute- .....

...you MUST identify the argument of the author or source in order to prove your claim.

Essay format for LEQ and DBQ

Intro paragraph -> 3 body paragraphs-> Conclusion (can be 1 sentence) Each paragraph begins on a new line.

How to organize a body paragraph in an LEQ + DBQ

S.E.X.I. Statement (claim) Elaborate (line of reasoning) eXamples (specific evidence) Impact (connect evidence to line of reasoning)

How to organize an intro paragraph in an LEQ and DBQ

Start with 3-5 sentences of historical context and then transition into a 2-3 sentence thesis

How long should you spend on your DBQ?

Standard time: 1 hour 15 minutes to unpack the prompt, read the docs, and outline 40 minutes to write your response After 1 hour, your proctor will suggest you move on to your LEQ.

Five important things to remember when answering a DBQ.

1. Unpack the prompt to identify what to look for in the sources. 2. Use your scratch paper to hold your thinking. 3. Group the docs into 3 categories that answer the prompt. 4. Remember your essay format. 5. CITE your sources each time you use them .....(2). or According to Doc 2,

How many of the 7 sources should you use in order to earn the most points in a DBQ?

All 7 1 Evidence point for using info from TWO sources to discuss the TOPIC, 1 Evidence point for using info from FOUR sources to support an argument, and a way to earn the Analysis point is using info from SEVEN sources to support an argument. Try to use all 7 sources- if you get one wrong, it gives you some room to still earn points

How do you earn earn all 3 of the evidence points in a DBQ?

Use info from at least FOUR sources to support an argument AND include ONE additional piece of specific evidence outside the sources to support an argument.

How do you earn the 2 Reasoning and Analysis points in a DBQ?

You earn the first point by correctly sourcing TWO documents to support an argument. You can earn the second point by correctly sourcing FOUR documents or using info from all SEVEN sources to support an argument.

H.I.P.P. Historical situation- What is the background of the source Intended audience- Who was the source originally created for? Purpose- Why was the source originally created? Perspective- What is the point of view of the author(s)?

What is the easiest way to earn sourcing points in a DBQ?

Discuss the Intended Audience and/or Purpose of at least 2 sources (do it for 4 an you earn an additional point) intended audience: What person or group was this source created for? purpose: What type of source is it (newspaper, diary, speech) and why was it originally created?

Five important things to remember when answering your LEQ.

1. Standard time: 40 minutes 2. Complete your DBQ first; it's worth more. 3. Pick ONE of the 3 prompts to answer. 4.Unpack the prompt + outline before you begin. 5. Remember your essay format.

Common APUSH Terms, Phrases, and Exam Tips Flashcards

Student preview

53 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

describe

Back

Give the relevant characteristics of using at least ONE specific piece of evidence.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

explain

Back

Make an argument using claim, evidence, and reasoning

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Analyze the extent to which.../ Examine the extent to which....

Back

LEQ or DBQ command term in a prompt, asks you to make a multi-claim thesis interpreting how much

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Evaluate the relative importance of...

Back

LEQ or DBQ command term, asks you to give a multi-claim thesis weighing how much different factors caused or effected something

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

historical development or process

Back

something that happened in history or happened over a period of time in history

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

elaborate

Back

Command term usually seen in MCQs and SAQs. Asks you to explain how 1 piece of evidence not mentioned in the source would support an author's argument or the historical event discussed in the source. To prove your point, you MUST identify the author's argument or historical development in the source.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

refute

Back

Command term usually seen in MCQs and SAQs.

Asks you to explain how 1 piece of evidence not mentioned in the source would counter/ disagree with an author's argument or the historical event discussed in the source.

To prove your point, you MUST identify the author's argument or historical development in the source.

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