What is a primary key?

A unique identifier for a database record that must contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values.

What is a foreign key?

A field in one table that links to the primary key in another table, establishing a relationship between the two.

What is a composite key?

A primary key consisting of two or more columns used to uniquely identify each row in a table.

What is a clustered index?

An index that sorts the data stored inside the table based on the primary key.

What is a non-clustered index?

An index that is stored separately from the data, similar to an index in a book.

What is a view in SQL?

A virtual table consisting of different columns from one or more tables, stored as a query object.

What is a stored procedure?

A previously written SQL statement that has been stored in a database for repeated execution.

What is SQL injection?

An attack where malicious code is inserted into strings that are passed to SQL Server for execution.

What is a transaction in SQL?

A collection of DML statements that form a logical unit of work.

What are the core DML statements?

SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE.

What is the purpose of the SELECT statement?

To retrieve rows from the database and enable the selection of specific rows or columns.

What is the purpose of the INSERT statement?

To add one or more new rows to a table or view.

What is the purpose of the UPDATE statement?

To change existing data in one or more columns in a table or view.

What is the purpose of the DELETE statement?

To remove rows from a table or view.

What is a full backup?

A backup that contains all the data in a specific database or set of filegroups.

What is a differential backup?

A backup that contains only the data that has changed since the last full backup.

What is an incremental backup?

A backup that contains only the data that has changed since the last full or incremental backup.

What is referential integrity?

A property that ensures a value exists in the primary key before being allowed as a foreign key.

An attribute that specifies the type of data an object can hold, such as integer, varchar, or datetime.

What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?

CHAR is a fixed-length character data type, while VARCHAR is a variable-length character data type.

What is the purpose of the ORDER BY clause?

To sort the result set according to specified criteria.

What is the purpose of the GROUP BY clause?

To categorize results based on specified fields when using aggregate functions.

A query nested within another SQL query, allowing for complex data retrieval.

What is the purpose of the WHERE clause?

To filter records from a recordset during a query.

What is a NULL value in SQL?

An indication of an empty value within a field.

What is a transaction log?

A record of all transactions and database modifications made by each transaction.

What is the purpose of the DROP statement?

To remove a database object from the database.

What is the purpose of the ALTER statement?

To change the definition of a database object.

What is a data manipulation language (DML)?

A subset of SQL used for inserting, updating, and deleting data.

What is a data definition language (DDL)?

A subset of SQL used for creating and modifying database objects.

What is a unique constraint?

A rule that ensures all values in a column are unique and no duplicates are allowed.

What is a check constraint?

A rule that limits the types of data a user can insert into a database.

What is a default constraint?

A rule that provides a default value for a column if no value is specified.

What is a transaction recovery model?

A setting that determines how much data loss is acceptable in case of a failure.

What is the purpose of the CAST function?

To convert a value from one data type to another.

What is the purpose of the CONVERT function?

To convert a value to a specified data type with optional formatting.

What is a database schema?

The structure that defines the organization of data in a database.

What is a data warehouse?

A centralized repository for storing and analyzing large volumes of data.

A subset of a data warehouse, focused on a specific business area.

What is a database trigger?

A set of instructions that are automatically executed in response to certain events on a table.

What is a cursor in SQL?

A database object used to retrieve, manipulate, and navigate through a result set.

What is a temporary table?

A table that is created and used for a specific session or transaction and is automatically deleted afterward.

What is a materialized view?

A view that stores the result of a query physically, allowing for faster access.

Database Concepts Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

98 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a database?

Back

An organized collection of data, typically stored in electronic format, allowing for quick input and retrieval.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

Back

A collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the types of databases?

Back

Flat-type, Hierarchical, and Relational.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a flat-type database?

Back

A simplistic design consisting of two-dimensional tables with rows and columns.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a hierarchical database?

Back

A design that uses a one-to-many relationship for data elements, structured like a tree.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a relational database?

Back

A database that can have multiple parents, storing data in tables where new information is automatically added.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is normalization in databases?

Back

A design technique that reduces data redundancy and eliminates undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.

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