Chemistry Definitions WJEC DA unit 5

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Ionic Bonding

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The transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces.

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Covalent Bonding

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The sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms to form a stable molecule.

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Metallic Bonding

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The attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons, giving metals properties like conductivity and malleability.

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Simple Molecular Structures

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Molecules formed by covalent bonding, where atoms are joined by strong covalent bonds but weak intermolecular forces hold the molecules together.

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Giant Covalent Structures

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Large, three-dimensional networks of atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds, e.g., diamond or graphite.

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Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

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Dependent on the type of bonding and the structure of the substance, influencing properties such as melting/boiling points, conductivity, and solubility.

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Acid

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A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, typically having a pH below 7.

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Base

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A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, typically having a pH above 7.

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Alkali

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A water-soluble base that releases OH⁻ ions in solution.

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Neutralisation Reaction

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A reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.