Sanitary Appliances and Their Functions

Front

What are the two main purposes of sanitary appliances?

Back

1. Maintain personal hygiene (e.g., wash basins, baths, showers) 2. Remove human waste (e.g., WCs, urinals, bidets)

Front

Name three materials commonly used for making sanitary appliances and one key property of each.

Back

Fireclay: Robust but porous, needs glazing; Vitreous china: Hygienic and stainproof; Stainless steel: Vandal-resistant, used in public areas

Front

What are the three types of WC pans?

Back

Wash down, Single trap siphonic, and Double trap siphonic

Front

What is a close-coupled toilet?

Back

A WC where the cistern is bolted directly to the pan with a rubber sealing washer (doughnut) for watertightness.

Front

How does a siphonic toilet flush work?

Back

It uses atmospheric pressure and a siphon to lift and discharge water, stopping when air is introduced.

Front

What is the standard full and part flush volume for modern toilets?

Back

Full flush: 6 litres, Part flush: 4 litres

Front

What are the three types of urinals and where are they typically used?

Back

Bowl: Common, easy to install; Trough: Stainless steel, for high-vandalism areas; Slab: Fireclay, assembled on site

Front

What’s the difference between over-the-rim and ascending spray bidets?

Back

Over-the-rim: Safer, can be mains-fed with air gap; Ascending spray: Higher contamination risk, not mains-fed, must use cold water storage cistern.

Front

Name four common wash basin types.

Back

Wall hung, Pedestal, Counter top (including semi and under), Vessel

Front

What are spa and whirlpool baths and what safety measure must be taken?

Back

Baths with water/air jets for relaxation; must be installed by a qualified electrician and protected by a residual current device (RCD).