HHB 3.7 Immunisation Flashcards

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Herd immunity

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occurs when a large percentage of a population is immunised.

reduces the spread of diseases

Non-immune individuals are protected as there is a lower probability they will come into contact with infected individuals.

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Adjuvant

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a substance which makes the vaccine more effective, so enhancing the immune response.

Antigens are usually mixed with adjuvants when producing the vaccine.

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Herd immunity threshold

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The number of individuals in a population that need to be immunised to prevent disease spread.

It depends on type of disease, effectiveness of vaccine & population density.

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Antigenic variation

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describes a pathogen changing their antigens so that memory cells are ineffective against the pathogen.

this happens with Influenza virus

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Immunity

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can be developed by vaccination using antigens from infectious pathogens, so creating memory cells.

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The Antigens used in vaccines can be...

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inactivated pathogen toxins,

dead pathogens, parts of pathogens and weakened pathogens.