Sem 2 Review Flashcards 1

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Point Mutation

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A genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

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Chromosomal Mutation

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A mutation involving a long segment of DNA. These mutations can involve deletions, insertions, or inversions of sections of DNA.

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mRNA

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Messenger RNA; a type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

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rRNA

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Ribosomal RNA; a type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up the ribosome.

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tRNA

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Transfer RNA; a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide.

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DNA Replication

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The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

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RNA Transcription

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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RNA Translation

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The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins using the mRNA transcript.

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Ribosome

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A complex molecular machine found within all living cells that performs biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Codon Wheel

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A tool used to determine the amino acid sequence encoded by a strand of mRNA.