Biology EOC Review Part 1

Front

What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus and is the first step in protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs. They read the mRNA sequence and translate it into a specific amino acid sequence.

Front

Define genotype and phenotype.

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., Hh, hh), while phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics (e.g., having hitchhiker's thumb).

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is a variant of a gene that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present (e.g., H in Hh).

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is a variant of a gene that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (e.g., h in hh).

Front

What is interphase in the cell cycle?

Back

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division. It consists of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is an ecosystem?

Back

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.

Front

What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Back

Producers, such as plants, convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

Front

What is the impact of burning fossil fuels on the environment?

Back

Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, contributing to global climate change and air pollution.