Front

To cast out from the church.

Back

excommunicate

Front

A document signed in 1215 by King John of England that required the king to honor certain rights.

Back

Magna Carta

Front

A law that people believed God had created to govern how the world operated.

Back

natural law

Front

Dominican philosopher, argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs.

Back

Thomas Aquinas

Front

New pope in power in 1073, proved himself more powerful than the emperor because he excommunicated emperor Henry IV.

Back

Pope Gregory VII

Front

Excommunicated by the Pope when he tried to get German bishops to excommunicate Gregory, apologized in end and was allowed back into the church.

Back

Emperor Henry IV

Front

A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia, fighting for control of the Holy Land from 1096 to 1291.

Back

Crusades

Front

The region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea where Jesus lived, preached, and died.

Back

Holy Land

Front

Who called for Christians from all over Europe to retake the Holy Land from Muslim Turks, creating an army for crusades?

Back

Pope Urban II

Front

"Lion Heart", stayed in the Holy Land after the third Crusade.

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King Richard I