Research Methods and Concepts

Front

Experiment

Back

Used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Researchers manipulate an independent variable to see if it affects a dependent variable.

Front

Case Study

Back

Involves in-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event. Can provide rich qualitative data and insights into specific cases. Can help researchers explore unusual or complex behaviors. Hard to generalize.

Front

Correlational Research

Back

Examines the relationships between two or more variables. These studies do not manipulate variables, but rather observe the natural relationships between them.

Front

Natural Experiment

Back

A type of research study conducted in a natural, real-world setting rather than a controlled laboratory environment. The researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and measures the effects on a dependent variable in this natural setting.

Front

Quasi-Experiment

Back

A type of research study that aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships but lacks the random assignment of participants to conditions.

The IV is a preexisting variable, often a characteristic inherent to an individual, which differentiates the groups or conditions being compared.

Generally the IV is NOT manipulated.

Front

Interview

Back

A qualitative research method that involves asking questions to collect data. Can be used to gain detailed information about participants' experiences, thoughts, and feelings.

Front

Qualitative Research

Back

This type of research focuses on understanding the meaning and experiences of participants.

Front

Quantitative Research

Back

This type of research uses numerical data and statistical analysis to examine psychological phenomena. It focuses on measuring and quantifying variables. The goal is to identify patterns, relationships, and cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Front

Observation

Back

Systematically watching and recording behaviors or events.

Front

Internal Validity

Back

The extent to which you can be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship established in a study cannot be explained by other factors. In other words, can you reasonably draw a causal link between your treatment and the response.