ELA Terms (General Terms and Nonfiction)

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Bias

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When an author presents a personal judgement or opinion of something in their writing.

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Allusion

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A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance.

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Author's Purpose

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The reason for which the author writes a piece, such as to persuade, to inform, or to entertain.

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Excerpt

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A short piece of writing taken from a longer piece of writing.

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Fact and Opinion

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Fact is a statement that can be proven true or false, while opinion is a personal belief or judgment.

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Text Structures

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The way a text is organized, including problem and solution, cause and effect, chronological order, and compare and contrast.

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Point of View

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The perspective from which a story is told, such as first person, second person, or third person.

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Metaphor

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A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'.

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Personification

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A literary device where human qualities are attributed to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract concepts.

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Inference

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A conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.