Final Exam Study Guide Part 3

Front

What is the electron configuration of Neon (Ne)?

Back

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Front

Which element has the highest ionization energy?

Back

Neon (Ne) has the highest ionization energy among the elements listed.

Front

Which element has the lowest ionization energy?

Back

Rubidium (Rb) has the lowest ionization energy among the elements listed.

Front

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Back

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton (H⁺).

Front

In the reaction HCO₃⁻ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ + OH⁻, what is HCO₃⁻?

Back

HCO₃⁻ is a base and H₂CO₃ is its conjugate acid.

Front

What do alkali metals have in common?

Back

Alkali metals all have one valence electron, similar physical properties, undergo similar reactions, and form +1 ions.

Front

Define ionization energy.

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy down a group?

Back

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group due to increased distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus and increased electron shielding.

Front

What is the significance of valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons determine an element's chemical properties and its ability to bond with other elements.